Dakatarwar Bolt mai inganci

(1) Dakatarwar Bolt:kusoshi ta cikin rauni, sako-sako da, m dutse da ƙasa jiki, anchoring a cikin zurfi a matsayin barga dutse da ƙasa jiki, samar da isasshen tashin hankali, shawo kan nauyi na zamiya dutsen da ƙasa jiki da zamiya karfi, hana kogon zamewa, rushewa.

(2) Tasirin ƙarfafawa:bayan an damu da kusoshi, an kafa yankin matsawa a wani yanki na kewaye da shi.An jera kusoshi ta hanyar da ta dace ta yadda yankunan matsawa da aka kafa ta kusoshi kusa da juna su mamaye juna don samar da wuraren matsawa.Sakonnin da ke cikin yankin matsawa ana ƙarfafa su ta hanyar kulle don haɓaka mutunci da ƙarfin ɗauka.

(3) Tasirin hadadden katako (baki):bayan an shigar da kullin a cikin stratum a wani zurfin zurfi, madaidaicin da ke ƙarƙashin aikin maƙarƙashiya yana matse juna, juriya na juriya na interlayer yana ƙaruwa sosai, kuma damuwa na ciki da jujjuyawar suna raguwa sosai, wanda yayi daidai da juya katako mai sassauƙa. (arch) zuwa cikin hadadden katako (barch).Ƙunƙarar ƙwanƙwasa da ƙarfin haɗaɗɗun katako (arches) sun inganta sosai, don haka haɓaka ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyin stratum.Mafi girman ƙarfin dagewa da ƙugiya ke bayarwa, mafi ƙaranci tasirin tasirin.

(4) Tsawon kusoshi:jimlar tsawon da ake buƙata lokacin da kullin zai iya taka rawar da ya dace daidai da zane.Lokacin da aka lissafta bisa ga aikin dakatarwa, shine jimillar tsayin anga, tsayin ƙarfafawa da tsayin fallasa.Lokacin da aka lissafta bisa ga aikin haɗin katako (baki), yana da sau 1.2 jimlar tsayin tsayin katako (baki) da tsayin fallasa.A ainihin ƙima, ƙarin tsayin da ya ƙaru saboda rashin daidaituwar kwandon tono ya kamata kuma a yi la'akari da shi.

(5) Tsawon matsewa:Ana iya zaɓar tsayin ƙugiya a cikin bargaccen stratum bisa ga gwaninta ko lissafi.Dangane da gwaninta na zaɓi, la'akari da yanayin angaita da diamita na kulle.Lokacin zabar bisa ga lissafin, ya kamata a yi la'akari da alakar da ke tsakanin turmi da bolt da haɗin tsakanin turmi da bangon rami.

(6) Tsawon ƙarfafawa:Dangane da tsayin dutsen da ke kewayen da aka rataye tare da madaidaicin, ko kuma tsayin lodin dutsen da ke kewaye, ana iya amfani da shi don tantance kaurin da'irar sako-sako da aka auna ta hanyar igiyar murya da sauran fasahar gwaji.

(7) Gwajin ja na Bolt:daya daga cikin hanyoyin duba ingancin ginin bolt da kuma tantance karfin ja da bolt.Kafin a rufe murfin da harbin bindiga, ana amfani da ma'aunin tashin hankali ko maƙarƙashiya don auna shi kai tsaye.Bayan danne kullin, matsa a hankali a ko'ina har sai karatun ma'aunin ma'aunin ya kai darajar da ta dace da ƙimar ƙira, ko sanya kullin ya kwance, gabaɗaya kar a yi gwajin lalata.Bayan an rufe gunkin da shotcrete, ana tabbatar da shi ta hanyar gano abin rufe fuska sannan a auna shi ta hanyar tsarawa.Ya kamata a yi samfurin adadin bolts ɗin gwaji kamar mita 30-50 na tsayin rami ko bolts 300 a cikin rukuni, kuma kowace ƙungiya kada ta kasance ƙasa da ƙwanƙwasa 3, waɗanda yakamata a zaɓa su daidai daga jeri na kusoshi a cikin sashe ɗaya. wurin bincike.

Sanda anka shine tsarin tsarin tsarin dutse da ƙarfafa ƙasa.

Ta hanyar aikin tashin hankali na tsayin daka na kusoshi, gazawar cewa ƙarfin juzu'i na dutse da ƙasa ya fi ƙasa da ƙarfin matsawa za a iya shawo kan su.

A saman, yana ƙuntata rabuwar dutsen da ƙasa daga asali.

Macroscopically, yana ƙara haɗin kai na dutse da ƙasa.

Daga mahangar inji, galibi don haɓaka haɗin kai C da kusurwar juzu'i na ciki φ na kewayen dutsen dutsen.

A zahiri, kullin yana cikin dutsen da jikin ƙasa kuma yana samar da sabon hadaddun.Ƙunƙarar da ke cikin wannan hadaddun yana magance gazawar ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙarfi na kewayen dutsen.Don haka, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyin dutsen da kansa yana ƙarfafawa sosai.

Bolt shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren tallafin hanya a cikin hakar ma'adinan karkashin kasa na zamani, wanda ke haɗa dutsen da ke kewaye da titin tare da yin dutsen da ke kewaye da kansa.

Taimakawa kanta a yanzu ba a yi amfani da bolt kawai a cikin ma'adinai ba, amma kuma ana amfani dashi a fasahar injiniya, ƙarfafa aiki na gangara, tunnels, DAMS da sauransu.